В краю вулканов учёные продолжают поиски нерестилищ редкого каменного гольца в бассейне реки Камчатка. С начала лета экспедиционный отряд непрерывно обследует многочисленные ручьи, впадающие в крупные реки Толбачик, Еловка, Камчатка и их притоки. Работы ведутся при поддержке WWF России в Кроноцком заповеднике и за его пределами, информирует «Тихоокеанская Россия», ТоРосс.
Исследователям пока не удалось обнаружить молодь каменного гольца ни в одном из изученных водотоков. При этом взрослые особи периодически встречаются. Зато участники экспедиции описали уникальные локальные популяции гольца-мальмы. Особого внимания заслуживает группировка рыб, обнаруженная в одном из притоков реки Толбачик.
«Это родник колоссально размера. Грунтовые воды поступают на поверхность из-под древнего лавового потока вулкана Плоский Толбачик. Здесь нерестится нерка, а также живут гольцы, которые, по-видимому, никогда не покидают водоток. В частности, мы обнаружили изолированную популяцию специфических рыб. Местные жители называют их золотистыми гольцами. Вероятно, это реликты древней гольцовой фауны бассейна реки Камчатка и ближайшие родственники предков каменного гольца. Для подтверждения этой гипотезы необходимы дальнейшие молекулярно-генетические исследования», – рассказывает старший научный сотрудник Кроноцкого заповедника ихтиолог Григорий Маркевич.
Поиски мест нереста каменного гольца не прекращаются. Пока не изучены как минимум два речных бассейна. Сложностей в работе добавляют местные природные условия.
«Основа наших работ – лов рыбы сачком на нерестилищах, главным признаком которых является наличие молоди лососей. Мы прошли десятки километров по самым разнообразным местам. Бассейн реки Камчатка значительно отличается по условиям работы от других бассейнов рек полуострова. Здесь достаточно жарко. Средняя температура в период работ составляет около двадцати-двадцати пяти градусов, практически полное отсутствие ветра, обилие комаров, сложнопроходимые леса значительно затрудняют передвижение. Половина объектов оказалась доступна только по воде, к нерестилищам мы передвигались на байдарках или моторной лодке», – добавляет младший научный сотрудник Института проблем экологии и эволюции имени А.Н. Северцова Российской Академии наук Николай Мельник.
Полученные данные о структуре популяции каменного гольца и местах его нереста позволят учёным сформировать рекомендации по усовершенствованию мер охраны вида как на территории Кроноцкого заповедника, так и за его пределами. В этом году полевые работы продлятся до середины сентября.
Каменный голец внесён в Красную книгу Камчатского края и обитает только в бассейне реки Камчатка, сообщает сайт Кроноцкого государственного заповедника.
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