Если экспортные отправки угля из основных добывающих регионов на восток, которые сейчас идут в приоритетном порядке, перевести в обычную для угольного экспорта категорию очередности, можно существенно увеличить перевозки более доходных грузов, считают в ОАО «Российские железные дороги» (РЖД). Речь идёт о двух миллионах тонн в квартал нефтепродуктов, руды, удобрений и других товаров, информирует «Тихоокеанская Россия», ТоРосс.
Между тем, поставки угля, по мнению экспертов, «лучше выстроены», а реальный прирост перевозок высокодоходных грузов может оказаться меньше прогнозов монополии, пишет «Коммерсант» (“Ъ”).
Издание ознакомилось с расчётами РЖД к заседанию правительственной комиссии по вопросам социально-экономического развития Дальнего Востока. Из них следует, что отказ от приоритета в отношении перевозок экспортного угля из ряда регионов и перевод их в стандартную категорию приоритета для экспорта угля позволит за квартал дополнительно вывезти порядка двух миллионов тонн дорогостоящих грузов: «преимущественно нефтепродуктов (0,8 миллиона тонн) и чёрных металлов (1 миллион тонн), удобрений, зерна и ряда других номенклатур».
Сейчас, согласно временным правилам определения очерёдности перевозок грузов на Восточном полигоне, перевозки угля на экспорт из Кузбасса, Бурятии, Хакасии, Тувы и Якутии на восток идут в приоритетном порядке. Соответствующие поручения даны президентом и правительством, на их основе ОАО «РЖД» заключило с регионами соглашения о гарантированных объёмах вывоза. В результате уголь из этих регионов на восток едет в третью очередь, сразу после перевозок воинских грузов и грузов для ликвидации ЧС, а остальной угольный экспорт — в шестую, после нефтепродуктов и многих других категорий грузов.
Как следует из материалов ОАО «РЖД», в первом квартале вывоз угля по поручениям президента на восток составил 24,4 миллиона тонн при гарантированном объёме 24,8 миллиона тонн — это свыше 90% от всех экспортных перевозок угля на восток (26,7 миллиона тонн).
Перевозки из Кемеровской области отстали от плана на 1,9%, составив 14,8 миллиона тонн, из Хакасии — на 28% (1,1 миллиона тонн из 1,5 миллилона гарантированного объёма), а перевозки из Бурятии и Якутии, напротив, превысили квоту на 100 тысяч тонн. Из регионов, не входящих в число приоритетных, при небольших объёмах чаще наблюдается рост к 2022 году, однако, например, экспорт из Новосибирской области на восток полностью остановился (при экспорте 0,4 миллиона тонн в первом квартале 2022 года).
Представитель ЭЛСИ (объединяет компании «Эльга Уголь» и «Сибантрацит») подтвердил остановку экспорта угля из Новосибирской области на восток из-за нехватки провозных возможностей, поставки переориентированы на порты юга России.
Угольная продукция занимает на Восточном полигоне доминирующее положение (70% от экспортного грузопотока), и «фиксация этих объёмов существенно ограничивает возможности других отраслей российской экономики», сообщает ОАО «РЖД». По оценке компании, по итогам первого квартала ограничение потребности в вывозе продукции российских предприятий в восточном направлении составило порядка 4,9 миллиона тонн грузов, в том числе 1,7 миллиона тонн нефтеналивных грузов, 0,8 миллиона тонн чёрных металлов, 0,5 миллиона тонн удобрений, 0,3 миллиона тонн грузов в контейнерах, 0,2 миллиона тонн зерна и 1,4 миллиона тонн прочих грузов.
«Осуществление экспортных перевозок угольной продукции, в том числе из отдельных регионов, только в рамках шестой очереди временных правил в целях обеспечения приоритизации перевозок неугольных грузов с более высокой валовой добавленной стоимостью в восточном направлении позволит увеличить вклад в экономику страны в размере до 25 миллиардов рублей, доходы ОАО «РЖД» — до 1 миллиарда рублей»,— сообщается в материалах. В ОАО «РЖД» от комментариев отказались.
Сергей Цивилев, губернатор Кузбасса, 11 апреля:
«Я надеюсь и даже с высокой долей вероятности скажу, что по итогам года РЖД план вывоза угля из Кузбасса в восточном направлении, который мы подписали на пятьдесят три миллиона тонн, выполнят. У меня уже, наверное, сомнений не остаётся, думаю, что они выполнят».
Между тем угольщики не слишком довольны даже текущей ситуацией. Так, в феврале на совместном заседании комиссий при Госсовете по направлениям «Транспорт» и «Энергетика» говорилось о том, что квота на вывоз экспортного угля из Кузбасса, утверждённая ОАО «РЖД», на 9,9 миллиона тонн ниже, чем предусмотрено поручениями президента (63 миллиона тонн).
При этом тарифная нагрузка для угольных компаний Кузбасса, по их данным, за 2022 год выросла на 66–97% для энергетического и на 44–72% для коксующегося угля. По мнению главы комиссии по энергетике Сергея Цивилева, следовало бы ввести мораторий на рост тарифов на перевозки угля и возобновить ранее отмененные скидки за дальность для экспортных перевозок.
В то же время отправители нефтепродуктов также борются за место в очереди на восток.
В конце апреля директор департамента нефтегазового комплекса Минэнерго Антон Рубцов сообщил, что министерство направило в правительство предложение о переводе железнодорожных поставок нефтепродуктов на Дальний Восток как в экспортном, так и внутрироссийском сообщении из пятой категории очередности в четвёртую. Ранее на этом настаивали нефтекомпании (см. “Ъ” от 28 марта).
ФАС предлагает субсидировать перевозки топлива для ТЭС на Дальнем Востоке
Глава «Infoline-Аналитики» Михаил Бурмистров напоминает, что приоритет поставок нефтепродуктов во внутреннем сообщении на Дальний Восток и так должен увеличиться в связи с переводом их в категорию субсидируемых. По его мнению, постоянные изменения правил очередности деструктивны с точки зрения планирования грузопотоков. Также эксперт полагает, что поставки угля на экспорт ведутся маршрутами с порожним возвратом, с задействованием большой доли инновационного парка, что обеспечивает высокую ритмичность. И если понизить приоритетность этих поставок, нет никакой гарантии, что другие грузы заместят их эффективно.
Наталья Скорлыгина, Евгений Зайнуллин
Источник: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5985664
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